Evaluation of Stress Distribution of Isotropic, Composite, and FG Beams with Different Geometries in Nonlinear Regime via Carrera-Unified Formulation and Lagrange Polynomial Expansions

In this study, the geometrically nonlinear behaviour caused by large displacements and rotations in cross sections of thin-walled composite beams subjected to axial loading is investigated. Newton–Raphson scheme an arc length method are used solution equations finite element determine mechanical effect. The Carrera-Unified formulation (CUF) solve nonlinear, low or high order kinematic refined structure theories for beam elements. displacement area stress distributions structures with different angles functionally graded (FG) presented Lagrange polynomial expansions. results show accuracy computational efficiency give confidence new research.